Decision Making Process Phases

Decision making phases involves 4 major phases: intelligence, design, choice and implementing. The decision making process starts with the intelligence phase. In this phase, the decision maker examines reality, identifies and defines the problem. Problem ownership is established as well. In the design phase, a model that represents the system is constructed.

This is done by making assumptions that simplify reality and writing down the relationships among all the variables. The model is then validated and criteria are determined in a principle of choice for evaluation of the alternative courses of action that are identified. Often the process of model development identifies alternative solutions and vice versa.

The choice phase includes selection of a proposed solution to the model (not necessarily to the problem it represents). This solution is tested to determine its viability. When the proposed solution seems reasonable, we are ready for the last phase, implementation of the decision (not necessarily of a system). Successful implementation results in solving the real problem. Failure leads to a return to an earlier phase of the process. In fact, we can return to an earlier phase during any of the latter three phases.


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